Date of Award

24-5-2024

Document Type

Thesis

School

School of Electrical & Electroncis Engineering

Programme

Ph.D.-Doctoral of Philosophy

First Advisor

Dr.Padmapriya Pravinkumar

Keywords

Quantum Gate, QTRNG, Random Number, QISKIT, QUBIT

Abstract

Random numbers are the lifeline of any cryptographic operation in modern computing. Quantum mechanics has the intrinsic ability to generate truly random numbers, making it an ideal alternative for scientific applications that require high-quality randomness. Quantum True Random Number Generators (QTRNGs) can yield real random data to replace random-looking periodic sequences. To construct such a random number generator, this work uses the IBM Q Experience platform called Qiskit.

This research focuses on the development and analysis of quantum-based TRNGs along with their prime characteristics. Qubits and quantum gates are the predominant sources of true randomness on quantum platforms. These inherent quantum properties are explored in this study to develop statistically strong QTRNG architectures on Qiskit. The Hadamard gate applied to a single qubit generates random numbers with equal probability. An alternative QTRNG architecture is also implemented using rotation and phase gates instead of the Hadamard gate.

In this work, the Hadamard operation is achieved through rotation gates Rx(π), Ry(π/2) and phase gates Ph(π/2). Additional QTRNG designs are generated using X and Z gates with and without phase gates—such as Rx(π/2) Rz(π/2) P(π/2) and Rx(π/2) Rz(π). The angle parameters are optimized to achieve equal superposition. Another QTRNG architecture uses SX (square-root-of-X) gates and CNOT (Controlled-Not) gate combinations from IBM Quantum Experience. By applying the SX gate on all qubits followed by measurement, the architecture produces high-quality random bits with prime characteristics. The presence of primes in the generated sequences is also discussed.

Furthermore, genuine randomness is verified through repeated experimentation, and the statistical properties of the TRNG are evaluated using autocorrelation analysis and NIST SP 800-90B and 800-22 tests. The proposed quantum keys show no pattern or repeatability, exhibit strong randomness, and are highly unpredictable—making them suitable for secure quantum algorithms.

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