Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3269-6714

Date of Award

16-12-2024

Document Type

Thesis

School

School of Electrical & Electroncis Engineering

Programme

Ph.D.-Doctoral of Philosophy

First Advisor

Dr.James A.Baskaradas

Keywords

Electronics and Communication, Antennas, RF System Design, V2X Communication, Wireless Communication

Abstract

The developing trends in the automotive industry are evolving towards connected and autonomous vehicles that provide various advantages namely enhanced safety & security, congestion less traffic, smart mobility, and environmental sustainability at a lower cost with greater cause to the society. Vehicle to Everything (shortly V2X) Communication plays a significant role in autonomous driving. Salient features of V2X provide improved better driving experience and traffic efficiency even during fast moving scenarios.

V2X technologies are being carried out in sub 6 GHz range mainly at the 5.9 GHz band called the Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) based on IEEE 802.11p providing support for basic applications in the field of Vehicular Communication. With advent improvements in the mobile broadband technology and country aiming towards the 5G rollout newer bands in the LTE band-42 (3.4-3.6 GHz range) by 3GPP are a key focus for network-based vehicular communication. Cellular-V2X, defined as the umbrella term having the existing and newer technologies to be deployed. The C-V2X works in two modes, one using the legacy DSRC spectrum for short range communication and the defined mobile broadband range for network based LoS communication.

This research aims to develop an ad-hoc antenna to co-exist both the frequency bands committed for V2X environment. The research proposed a wideband Defected Ground Structured (DGS) Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna working in the mid-band of the 5G spectrum range for multiple wireless applications including the Wi-Fi and V2X scenarios.

The challenges in the antenna design technique are further enhanced by developing a dedicated multiband MIMO antenna to co-exist the DSRC band and the C-V2X band in the 5G spectrum by bringing forth the Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) technology which provides excellent features in the aspect of antenna system for Vehicular Communication. Inorder to provide proper placement methodology for the V2X antenna, a compact multiband conformal MIMO antenna is developed for V2X frequency bands which can be easily mounted on the vehicle surface.

The designed antennas are fabricated and compared with simulated antenna parameters such as reflection co-efficient, Gain, Efficiency and the diversity performances of the MIMO system namely Envelope Correlation Co-efficient, Diversity Gain, Mean Effective Gain, Total Active Reflection Co-Efficient and Channel Capacity Loss. The antenna prototype is also tested in real time environment by performing On-Vehicle Analysis (OVA) for the study of reflection and mutual coupling are measured by transmitting and receiving signals in the V2X Environment.

The obtained results for the antenna parameters and MIMO diversity performance for the fabricated antenna prototype are well in association with the simulated results and the real time measurements of the prototype further strengthen the functioning of the antenna as a robust communication system. This research provides a novel antenna system for the next generation Vehicular Communication succeeding the existing antennas used for V2X Communication.

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